Layout of footnotes and references

Correctly composed source includes the following information:

• Surname and initials of the author;
• Name of the book;
• City in which the book is published;
• Name of publishing house;
• Year of edition;
• Total of pages;
• If in paginal footnotes the link leads to a concrete place in the source, instead of total of pages the particular page is specified. Thus in the References the total of pages is specified in the source.

Layout of collections, articles in magazines, materials of conferences has its specific features.

It is easier to consider them on the examples of the bibliographic description of different types of publications given below.

International and governmental standards

ISO 832:1994 Information and documentation – Bibliographic description and references – Rules for the abbreviation of bibliographic terms. - 2012.​ 10 p.

Guidance for Industry. Self-Identification of Generic Drug Facilities, Sites, and Organizations. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) – 2012. 5 p.

Books by one, two, three and more authors. For example:

Fields R.D. The other brain. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. – 371 p.

Stepanov А.А., Rose D.E. From mathematics to generic programming paperback – Indianapolis ​Addison-Wesley Professional ​ 2014. – 320 р.

Wurm L. et al. Semantic processing in auditory lexical decision: Ear-of-presentation and sex differences // Cognition & Emotion. 2007. № 21. 1470-1495 pp.

Collection of papers by one author. For example:

Antiretroviral Resistance in Clinical Practice. / Geretti AM, editor.​ London: Mediscript; 2006. – 200 p.

Multi-author collection of papers. For example:

Emotion and consciousness / Eds.: L.F. Barrett, P.M. Niedenthal, P. Winkielman. New York: Guilford Press, 2005. – 192 p.

Conference or congress proceedings. For example:

Dwyer DE, Herring BL, Wang B, et al. Multiple HIV-1 Subtypes Circulating in Australia. 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., January 30 – February 2, 2000. – 177-184 pp.

Thesis

Jordan, J. J. (2005). Psychosocial effects of gifted programming (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Article from newspaper and from journal. For example:

Dalgleish, T. The emotional brain//Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004. №5. 583–589 рр.

Wurm L. Semantic processing in auditory lexical decision: Ear-of-presentation and sex differences // Cognition & Emotion. 2007. № 21. 1470-1495 pp.

Report

Forastieri, V., 1999. The ILO Programme for Occupational Safety and Health in Agriculture. International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Official source

United Nations, 2001. Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. United Nations Press, New York, USA

Article from the encyclopedia and from the dictionary. For example:

Sigmund Freud / Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. – V 14. 274-276 pp.

Phenose //Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 1989. 674 р.

In scientific articles it is accepted to draw up footnotes instructions on the used sources. It is better to include abstract discourses, explanations of terms in the text.

For example, instead of:

The first way is the criticism (denial) of the thesis. Its purpose is to show the inadequacy (falsehood or an inaccuracy) of the thesis exposed by the proponent1 of the 1st thesis. Denial of such thesis can be direct or indirect.

___________________
[1] Participants of discussion have their names: the one who put forward and defended the thesis is called proponent, the one who argues to the contrary is called the opponent.

It is required to write:

The first way is the criticism (denial) of the thesis. Its purpose is to show the inadequacy (falsehood or an inaccuracy) of the thesis exposed by the proponent of the 1st thesis. Proponent is the one who put forward and defended the thesis. The other participant of the discussion is called opponent.

There are two types of footnotes: paginal and end. End footnotes, in fact, are indexes on sources in the list of References.

End footnotes are digits in square brackets with number of the source in the list of References and, if necessary, number of the page in this source. Between number of the source and number of the page a comma is put. If a footnote indicates several sources, between digits the semicolon is put.

Example

When using end footnotes it is important to pay attention that in the list of sources there are no repetitions.

When using paginal footnotes it is important to pay attention that in one place of the text, only one footnote mark is placed. In case it refers to several sources, they are listed through a semicolon in one footnote.

For example, it is incorrect to draw it up like this:

It is required to do it like this:

If the same source repeats several times on one page, instead of its complete description is written In the same place.

If you follow these simple rules your publications will look accurately and professionally, and at modification the text won't "fall to pieces". We wish you further success, and also a lot of new interesting and useful publications.

Terms used in our publications

Russian	English	German	French	Spanish	Ukrainian
Аннотация	Abstract	Abstrakt	Résumé	Resumen	Анотація
Ключевые слова	Keywords	Stichwörter	Mots-clés	Palabras clave	Ключові слова
Список литературы	References	Referenz	Références	Referencias	Список літератури
Там же	Ibid	Ebenda	Ibid	Ibid	Там само